The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.